Walking tourism in Thailand: A path to sustainable travel and local culture

The United Nations Tourism Organization (UNWTO) highlights that walking tourism creates deeper connections with local communities, nature, and culture. This trend aligns with the global movement towards sustainable tourism and meets the growing demand for outdoor activities. However, challenges such as limited accessibility, inadequate public transportation, and uneven investment in some areas often hinder the availability of walking-friendly spaces.

Somradi Chichong, deputy governor for domestic marketing at the Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT), said walking has become an integral part of Thai tourism. It is common for tourists to wander around after a meal or before returning to their hotels, which has led to the development of pedestrian streets filled with shops in major Thai cities. Post-pandemic, there has been a shift towards exploring neighborhoods on foot, offering unique stories and insights through historical sites, authentic local activities, and street food.

Mana Art Gallery and local walking neighborhoods

As highlighted by Somradi, Bangkok and other parts of Thailand have unique walking neighborhoods that are ready for development. For example, Yaowarat and Ban Tad Thong in Bangkok offer diverse culinary experiences. In Sakon Nakhon Province, Pha Kram Road, known as Indigo Street, features locally produced indigo fabric products and cultural activities such as small shows, film screenings and live music aimed at attracting visitors, particularly young people.

Local artist Pee Near recently held an exhibition at the Mana Art Gallery near Bangkok’s Hua Lamphong area, which served as the city’s main railway station until 2023. Art shows and festivals, such as the Awakening Lighting art installation, add to the charm of areas such as Talat Noi and Charoen Krung, enriching the walking experience.

Sustainability and economic impact

Pedestrian tourism is also one answer to sustainability concerns. This type of tourism can highlight local businesses, such as shophouses and vendors, thereby distributing income among small operators, even if it does not increase overall revenue.

Despite its benefits, walking tourism in Thailand faces challenges, especially with regard to safety and accessibility. Many pedestrian streets are not designed to accommodate all visitors, and common obstacles can impede pedestrians, especially those with disabilities. Illegal motorcycle use on sidewalks and hygiene issues, especially in rural areas, further complicate the experience. Additionally, a lack of public transportation and parking facilities may deter visitors from returning.

Bangkok, in particular, struggles with pedestrian access. The city's growth has resulted in larger blocks, longer journeys, and higher travel expenses. Public transport mainly serves major roads, making car ownership almost essential. With only 7% of Bangkok's area covered by roads, while the global average is 15-20%, the city faces significant traffic problems. Even if more roads were built, it might not alleviate congestion, as many residents prefer private vehicles due to the city's vast distances and limited public transport options. Pedestrians need to be cautious on crowded and sometimes unsafe sidewalks.

Urban development and walkable districts

Thailand's urban development also has problems with land classification. Unlike developed countries where private land can be allocated for public use, Thai cities primarily classify land as either public or private. Panit pointed out that in Tokyo, private developers often leave space for public use in front of their developments, encouraging pedestrian activity and interaction.

To create walkable districts, authorities should focus on areas with strong potential and easy access, such as near important buildings or transport hubs. The redevelopment of the Silom district, known for its lively street activities, food vendors and proximity to BTS and MRT stations, is a good example. However, local governments should consider the environmental and cultural context rather than copying foreign models. Any development should meet local demand and preserve the character of the area, avoiding an influx of tourists or unsuitable activities. Sustainable walking tourism projects should provide engaging storytelling opportunities and meet local needs.

Popular areas include the Mae Kha Canal in Chiang Mai, the old town of Phuket and a street with vibrant street art in Songkhla. Pak Khlong Talat, Bangkok's famous flower market. The area is experiencing a revival after a downturn caused by regulatory changes in 2016. Events and exhibitions during Bangkok Design Week attract both young Thais and foreign visitors.

Supicha Tovich, a lecturer at Silpakorn University, said the atmosphere generated by street activities and vendors is needed to create a walkable route. Urban development should prioritise inclusiveness, mixing locals and tourists while maintaining order and informality. A balanced approach that combines physical contact, social interaction and economic development is key to ensuring that walking tourism has a positive impact on the community.